The handbook elucidates all works and essays by Kant through summaries and concise interpretations, providing insight into Kant's connections to the philosophical, scientific, religious, artistic, and political trends of his time. Kant's philosophy today represents the last unified reference point in the European philosophical tradition, viewing philosophy as the foundation of methodological rationality, particularly in the understanding of the sciences as the dominant element in the cultural self-conception of modern civilization. An introduction to Kant literature since the German Neo-Kantianism, organized by thematic groups, along with a timeline and detailed indexes, makes the handbook a historical reference work in philosophy. Kant's work is addressed in its three-step process of methodological propaedeutics of the "Critiques," metaphysics of nature and ethics, and applied philosophy.