In "The Theory of Communicative Action" (1981), Habermas addresses society from two perspectives: on one hand, as a system from a causal observer's standpoint, and on the other hand, as the lifeworld of social groups from a critical participant's perspective. With this approach, he aims to account for the truth aspect of sociological system theories while also demonstrating their limited scope. However, even among interpreters who share Habermas' concerns, there have been objections to the concrete implementation of this program, arguing that he effectively aligns the participant perspective with the observer perspective. Against the backdrop of Habermas' concept of intertwining both perspectives in a critical social theory, one can argue for the dual argumentative and appealing nature of Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men" (1755) and Herder's "Yet Another Philosophy of History for Humanity.".