Karl Barth's second, completely rewritten version of the commentary on the Letter to the Romans is the founding document of dialectical theology. It has ushered in a new era: a theology in modernity. While the first version from 1919 aimed to 'see through the historical to the spirit of the Bible,' the second version written in 1922 consistently seeks to 'push forward to the point where I stand almost only before the riddle of the matter, almost no longer before the riddle of the historical document as such.' The edition of this classic work in the Karl Barth Complete Works offers, in addition to a textual-critical comparison of the editions from 1922 and 1923, explanations of the theological, literary, historical, and contemporary references.