The Polish Konik is a primitive horse breed that is often mistakenly referred to as Tarpan. It is the result of an attempt that began in the early 20th century to preserve the last remnants of the extinct Tarpans (mixed with domestic horse blood). Tarpans were Eastern European forest horses—likely true wild horses—that sought refuge from persecution in the woods. This book not only traces the history of the extermination of the Tarpan and the painstaking rescue of its gene pool amidst the turmoil of war, but it also fills a gap by providing, for the first time, otherwise hard-to-access Eastern European literature on breeding and the almost wild management in vast reserves, as well as extensive scientific studies conducted on these horses. The book is a summary of Polish research on Koniks.