The book addresses the educational processes and socialization instances that are particularly relevant for elementary school age, as well as the opportunities provided by elementary schools and elementary education to empower children. It primarily focuses on the cross-cutting social and emotional basic competencies at this age, which are essential for personal and learning development. The book then illustrates how elementary schools can effectively fulfill their specific educational mission in terms of equal opportunities, resilience promotion, and personality development. This is demonstrated through numerous examples from research and practice related to school and teaching development, as well as the professionalism of teachers.