At the peak of the structuralist wave in France, Jean Piaget published an introduction to the field in 1968, which became a bestseller. He first presents his own approach of genetic structuralism and the closely related scientific areas. Based on this foundation, the structuralist theories from other scientific fields are discussed, particularly focusing on the linguistic, social science, and philosophical theories of Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Louis Althusser, and Michel Foucault, which are partially sharply criticized. The book thus provides insight into debates that continue to this day.