Surgery has always placed special demands on X-ray diagnostics. This is particularly true for the previously favored areas, especially thoracic and cardiac surgery, whose development has brought about numerous new questions. Thus, X-ray diagnostics also faced the necessity of refining established methods as well as developing new imaging and examination techniques. Mastery of these methods and knowledge of the diagnostic statements they enable are the most important prerequisites for a purposeful collaboration between surgery and X-ray diagnostics. By naming our book "Clinical X-ray Diagnostics of Surgical Diseases," we aim to express its dual purpose. Beyond the scope of a general textbook on X-ray diagnostics, it should serve the radiologist.