Decision-making and action in medicine always aim at the well-being of the patient. This raises the question of what the right action is: medicine and ethics cannot be separated. In patient discussions, during rounds, consultations, or in clinical ethics counseling, certain topics come up more frequently. They revolve around illness and health, will and freedom, truth and trust, ethos and indication, power and responsibility, dying and death. For doctors, nurses, and therapists, such conversations are not easy; often, they lack the terminology or their meanings are uncertain. This book clarifies important fundamental concepts and provides a solid foundation for the arguments in these discussions.