The concept of archetypes and the collective unconscious forms the core of C. G. Jung's analytical psychology. This book provides an overview of the classical theory of archetypes and the archetypal stages of the individuation process as presented by Jung and his students, as well as the theoretical advancements based on research and insights from anthropology, human genetics, and neuroscience. It becomes clear how controversial the theory is and that Jung's views need to be thoroughly revised. The applications of the concept are illustrated in detail through case studies and series of dreams.