Psychoanalysis is not only the oldest, most comprehensive, and thoroughly researched form of psychotherapy, but it is also a theory and method that has provided many crucial impulses for the development of an enlightened and reflective consciousness in the 20th century. Its critical insights have led to significant cultural changes. Will it be able to maintain this role in the 21st century, or will it be deemed unnecessary due to developments in neurobiology or cognitive sciences? This book elaborates on why psychoanalytic thinking remains central to human experience and action and may even become more important, despite facing ongoing resistance.