The study compares for the first time the level of communicative memories of the Nazi era in Germany and Poland. In addition to presenting public memories of National Socialism, World War II, the persecution of Jews, and forced migration, the respondents' perceptions of the past in both countries are reconstructed based on group discussions. The focus is on the diverse attributions of perpetrator and victim roles, in which interpretations of the past are intertwined with notions of collective identity. These attributions not only discuss the encounter of different memories but also negotiate the relationship between Germans and Poles on a symbolic level. It becomes evident that German-Polish relations are characterized by a fundamental asymmetry, yet there are also common features in the memories.