What is competence? What defines the competence of organizations and networks, particularly in relation to individual actors? To answer these questions for today's context, one must consider competencies from the perspective of social theory, taking into account the significance of organizations and networks in modern societies. Günther Ortmann, Peter Kappelhoff, and Arnold Windeler approach the topic of competence from the perspective of such a theory, specifically through resource theory, evolutionary and complexity theory, and structuration theory. Jörg Sydow articulates the convergences and divergences of the three theoretical perspectives presented in this volume and provides a forward-looking reflection.