Medical devices help to heal, can save lives, and contribute to the preservation of human health. Medical technology has achieved tremendous successes and is associated with great hopes. However, it has also repeatedly been the starting point for intensely debated discussions. Nowhere else does technology touch humans so directly. It has significantly influenced the perception of the body, health, and illness, as well as the societal approach to these concepts. Alexander Sigelen describes the technical evolution from ancient healing practices through the emergence of scientific medicine in the 19th century to the high-tech medicine of our time. He explains how diagnostic and therapeutic tools have become an integral part of our daily lives. Medical devices have revolutionized basic research and treatment in all areas of healthcare.