This volume uses the example of a concert situation to explain the journey from sound generation at the musical instrument or singing voice, through sound propagation in the space, to the listener's ear and the cognitive and everyday sound processing that occurs behind it. It takes into account both current measurement methods and acoustic analysis techniques, as well as the functioning and history of electronic musical instruments and modern audio technology. With a minimum of mathematical formulas and in easily understandable language, the compendium provides a fundamental introduction to the various fields of musical acoustics (instrumental, room, and psychoacoustics, auditory scene analysis, musical perception, and sound synthesis) as well as the history, perspectives, and methods of this multifaceted topic, all based on the latest research.