The works of Lev Semjonovic Vygotskij on developmental psychological issues, particularly concerning childhood and adolescence, occupy a significant place in his oeuvre. Many ideas and terms have long been integrated into psychological literature, such as psychological neoplasms, inner contradictions as driving forces of psychological development, the zones of actual performance and proximal development, the transformation of social relationships into psychological functions, the mediated nature of higher psychological functions, leading or dominant activities, the interplay between teaching and intellectual development, and the causal-genetic method. However, there have been very few opportunities to read them in the context of Vygotskij's own works. This selection presented here makes this possible at least to some extent.