Grades are controversial, among other things because they do not reflect the objective performance level of students, but only their ranking within the class. There is often a lack of uniform standards, and social background also has an effect on the school grade. Therefore, many countries have introduced alternative forms of assessment. This book introduces new forms of assessment, which have become known in English-speaking countries as "assessment for learning". Beyond the classical grading system, the author presents different models of assessment and evaluation that are more deeply rooted in the students' abilities and promote their learning through more differentiated feedback. These include, for example, portfolios, assessment grids, self-assessment, text reports and learning development interviews. The performance assessment is integrated into a.