Men as perpetrators - women as victims - does this gender-polarizing juxtaposition adequately describe the reality of such a complex social phenomenon as violent behavior? Based on the data from the men's study "Men in Motion," conducted on behalf of the Protestant and Catholic men's work and presented in 2009 (with 1,470 men and 970 women surveyed), this study explores these and other hypotheses from women's and men's research regarding the relationship between gender, gender identity, and violence. The violent behavior of and against men is analyzed along various socio-demographic and biographical characteristics (including age, educational background, childhood, and father experiences) as well as along different attitudinal variables (including acceptance of violence and religiosity). Building on these findings, approaches to violence prevention are developed.