Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was one of the most controversial and influential educational figures of the 20th century. Her books have been translated into numerous languages, and Montessori schools have spread across the globe. In educational examinations, she is a popular subject of study. This level of recognition stands in strange contrast to the fact that, despite a flood of Montessori literature, knowledge of her fundamental educational beliefs and intentions remains very limited. Opponents and supporters are engaged in a proverbial dispute over Montessori. The image of Montessori schools is still unclear and leaves ample room for educational reform chaos. There is nothing preventing the long-overdue clarification of the true foundations, content, and goals of Maria Montessori's pedagogy.