"Mathematics and Computation, a Contemporary View" is a scholarly book that explores the intersection of mathematics, computer science, and computational science. It is based on the insights from the Abel Symposium of 2006 and highlights current developments in research that pertain to the interaction of these disciplines. In recent years, computation has fundamentally influenced pure mathematics, while the methods of pure mathematics have increasingly gained importance in applied mathematics. The book addresses central topics such as computability and complexity in discrete mathematical structures, as well as the challenges and questions arising from the study of continuous mathematical structures. The rapid development of computing power and software technologies opens up new application areas for computational methods and promotes the integration of abstract mathematical concepts into programming code. Symbolic computation and the combination of symbolic and numerical techniques are becoming increasingly significant for mathematicians and scientists.