In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Russian thinkers of Cosmism aimed to make humans immortal through technology. In this way, the Christian promise of resurrection was to be fulfilled in the here and now. The arts played a central role in this endeavor, as they were considered equal to the natural sciences and medicine due to their ability to immortalize things. Drawing from historical Cosmism, the volume examines materialism as a central mode of thought in the 20th century in light of new philosophical movements such as speculative realism, new materialism, and transhumanism. Following in the footsteps of successive generations of artists influenced by Cosmism since the historical avant-garde, its utopian potential is explored.