Hannah Arendt thought throughout her life within the horizon of Socrates. Even in her early American years, she placed Plato's teacher at the center of her efforts to establish a politically relevant and personally sustainable way of thinking for modernity. This lecture from the 1950s masterfully unfolds an apology for human plurality. Arendt thus opposes the Platonic temptation to confront the relativity of possible truths with the absolute authority of a guiding approach to thought. For Arendt, the inner dialogue initiated philosophically by Socrates is crucial. She also emphasizes the communication among citizens and friends, which can open up shared perspectives for shaping the world through the exchange of opinions. In the memoirs "In Hannah Arendt's Seminar," her last assistant Jerome Kohn recounts how this unfolded along Platonic texts.