The Nobel Prizes in Physiology and Medicine honor achievements that are considered milestones in basic research or in the treatment of diseases. Among the Nobel laureates are renowned figures such as Robert Koch, Emil von Behring, Ivan Pavlov, and Alexander Fleming. Many of the discoveries deemed worthy of the prize are well-known to everyone, such as vitamin C, the double helix of DNA, the ECG, or the heart catheter. Thus, the book tracks the progress of medicine in important areas through the lens of the Nobel Prizes, from infectious diseases and metabolism to the development of modern pharmaceuticals and brain research to molecular genetics. Additionally, the book addresses the missteps: among those awarded the Nobel Prize are indeed controversial researchers, and not all initially promising discoveries have proven to be sustainable.