The task of the theory of science is to trace the diversity of facts back to a final, all-encompassing, and uniquely real unity. The text is among the most difficult and boldest in the history of philosophy. This edition is based on the text of the "Complete Works," taking into account the variations of the "Copia." It is the second, revised, and corrected edition of the critically edited text presented by Lauth and Widmann as a study edition. The text is based on the manuscript of the posthumous works, Volume 2. The text has been improved with the help of a transcript (Copia). Deviating readings from the Copia that were not included are noted in the apparatus. It includes an introduction, bibliography, index of persons and cited works, as well as an expanded subject index.