"De cive" is among Hobbes' works the one with the greatest impact on modern legal and political philosophy. It was not with the "Leviathan," written in his native language and aimed primarily at his compatriots during the English Republic, that he made a name for himself among the scholars of the 17th and 18th centuries, but with this work, which first appeared in Latin in 1642. With it alone, he became an overnight European celebrity. This is a complete new translation, for the first time critically aligned with the original text.