The science education research draws on a wide repertoire of research methods for the collection and analysis of data, as well as for the development of teaching concepts based on that data. This book provides a broad overview and introduces the concrete application of various methods. The chapters, written by distinguished researchers in the subject didactics of biology, chemistry, and physics, each address a methodological approach to questions in science education. The selection, construction, optimization, and application of instruments suitable for the research question and study design are explained and justified. The aim is to provide concrete suggestions for the next generation of researchers regarding their own methodological approach in planning, conducting, and evaluating studies. Thus, this book serves as a comprehensive resource.