Is meat important for our nutrition? This is a central question that concerns both the general public and many professional societies alike. When considering the evolution of humans, the consumption of meat and fish has been of great significance for the development of humanity. In particular, the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids derived from animal-based foods have enabled the proper development of cognitive abilities. What does healthy nutrition mean, and how can one eat in the healthiest way? From a nutritional perspective, questions arise as to whether a vegetarian or even vegan diet can meet the demands of sports nutrition. Can muscles be optimally built and iron stores sufficiently filled with a vegan diet? Those who wish to maintain their health and fitness through a plant-based diet should seek information based on scientific findings.