The phenomenon of organized crime is steadily spreading across all countries in Europe, just like human trafficking. In Italy, organized criminal groups are part of the country's history, while Austria denied their existence as recently as the 1990s. The involvement of individuals in such organizations and in human trafficking presents significant challenges for national legislators, particularly regarding the implementation of the UN Convention of Palermo and the additional protocol against human trafficking. An offense that requires the mandatory participation of multiple individuals is considerably more difficult to integrate into national criminal law than human trafficking, where individuals can be held accountable for their own (partial) actions.