A regional study is a comprehensive representation of a specific area, encompassing not only the natural environment but also the people who live there and the traces left by previous generations. This book therefore provides fundamental knowledge about the geography and geology of southern Lower Saxony, as well as its history, economy, and culture. The aim is to make this knowledge accessible to an interested public, to encourage reflection on the future of the region, and to spark curiosity for personal explorations. Southern Lower Saxony is not a clearly defined area. In this book, it refers to that part of the state of Lower Saxony which lies south of a line that runs from the Western Harz through Seesen and Alfeld to Bodenwerder.