A systematic control of mixture formation with modern high-pressure injection systems enables considerable improvements in the combustion process, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and engine-out raw emissions. However, the growing number of free parameters due to more flexible injection systems, variable valve trains, and the application of different combustion concepts within various regions of the engine map makes the prediction of spray and mixture formation increasingly complex. For this reason, optimizing in-cylinder processes using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is becoming increasingly important. In these CFD codes, detailed modeling of spray and mixture formation is a prerequisite for accurately calculating subsequent processes such as ignition, combustion, and emission formation. Although such simulation tools can be.