"Modernism and Eugenics" is a profound analysis of the complex relationship between nationalism, eugenics, and modern political ideologies. The book explores whether the nation can be viewed as an "imagined community" based on cultural aspects, or whether it should be understood as a biological community determined by heredity. By examining the technologies and discourses developed by European scientists and politicians between 1870 and 1940, the role of eugenics in European modernity is illuminated. The work offers a critical perspective on the history of eugenics and its influence on concepts of national identity and cultural decay. It argues that eugenics was not only a distorted form of social Darwinism but an integral part of European modernity that redefined the relationship between the state and the individual.