The present essay attempts to present various strands of argumentation for a fundamental reinterpretation of the critique of political economy in a kind of overview or comprehensive survey. Four major themes are to be brought together in this initial attempt: First, the problem of pre-modern or pre-capitalist societies in their fundamental difference to the negative "economic" socialization of the so-called modernity. Second, the historical constitution process of capital in the early modern period. Third, the logic and categorical connection or "circuit" (Marx) of capital as its own reproduction process or "movement within itself." And fourth, the internal self-contradiction and the logical internal limit of capitalist dynamics as a manifest result of the advancing internal history of the capital fetish.