Paul Feyerabend, philosopher, physicist, and anarchist, was one of the most unconventional scientists of his time. In this first part of his unfinished philosophy of nature, which was intended to be a three-volume work, Feyerabend explores the prehistory of modern science from Homer to Parmenides in his characteristically polemical and highly erudite manner. The progressiveness of Stone Age humans becomes particularly clear when one compares their ideas with those of later philosophers and scientists.