The book "Neodymium Based Ziegler Catalysts - Fundamental Chemistry" offers a comprehensive analysis of neodymium-based Ziegler catalyst systems, which are gaining increasing importance in chemical research and industry. Although Ziegler catalysts have been known for almost half a century, neodymium-based systems have only recently attracted the interest of scientists and industry. This publication highlights advancements in the structural identification of lanthanide-aluminum heterobimetallic complexes and the role of alkylaluminum cocatalysts in controlling molecular weight. Additionally, the polymerization mechanism, particularly the living characteristic of neodymium-catalyzed diene polymerization, is examined in detail. The book provides a valuable compilation of scientific and patented literature on this topic and is divided into two main parts that offer different perspectives on the application of these catalysts in polymer chemistry.