Doping is not only a significant issue in competitive sports but also in recreational and particularly in fitness sports. It is estimated that more than half a million people in fitness sports resort to doping substances. The substantial health risks posed by these substances highlight the economic and health-related relevance of the problem. This makes a more stringent approach against doping all the more important. Both sports associations and the state are increasingly called upon to take action. This paper first presents the anti-doping regulations of sports associations as well as the legal provisions against doping. Furthermore, the author's key epidemiological studies on doping in fitness sports are incorporated. Based on this data, numerous proposals for preventive and repressive measures are presented.