Gender identity and sexual self-determination are increasingly visible topics in the human rights discourse, yet they still face opposition and resistance. Experiences from international human rights organizations demonstrate that numerous rights of individuals who do not conform to gender or sexual norms, or who live in same-sex partnerships, are violated worldwide. Nevertheless, the practice of international human rights protection institutions at the European level and within the United Nations shows what human rights protection standards have been developed to date. The anthology addresses both the human rights foundations of sexual self-determination rights and the perspectives of various affected groups.