This volume, prepared jointly with the German Archaeological Institute based on the materials of a scientific conference held on March 11-13, 2018, at the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, includes articles by Russian and foreign researchers of archaeological textiles. The studies cover a wide chronological range and represent different regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The articles present the results of interdisciplinary studies using comprehensive methods and address the problems of conservation, preservation, restoration, attribution, and reconstruction of ancient fabrics and textile products. The book is intended for historians, archaeologists, conservators, specialists in art history, students, and the general public interested in ancient textiles.