The textbook "Nutrition and Physical Activity" offers a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between nutrition, physical activity, and the development of non-communicable diseases. Given the increasing prevalence of physical inactivity and a high-fat diet in industrialized countries, it is crucial to better understand the biological foundations and pathophysiological processes involved. The book summarizes the findings of numerous research projects that address these topics and provides a coordinated framework to integrate the insights gained. The editors, Nicole Wolfram, Michael Rigby, and Michael Sjöström, contribute their expertise to emphasize the relevance of nutrition and exercise for public health. This work is aimed at professionals and interested individuals who wish to engage with the challenges and solutions in the field of health promotion.