Cities and municipalities are the carriers of the cultural, political, and economic development of Europe. Their urbanity is a necessary prerequisite for a sustainable way of life: on one hand, because only urbanity allows for the highest accessibility with the lowest energy consumption. On the other hand, urbanity is the classic battleground where all historical conflicts in Europe have been fought. The future of humanity is decided in the cities. Ecological urban development and urban renewal are therefore comprehensive fields of urban planning, where landscape ecology, urban and building planning, energy technology, and traffic planning play significant roles. The possibilities for the ecological transformation of urban development are diverse. It should be noted that urban planning holds much greater importance in the new planning of settlements or in the course of land-use planning.