The present book aims to introduce a wider audience, particularly upper-level students of higher educational institutions, university students, technicians, and anyone interested in the methods and results of exact research, to the fundamental literature and history of the natural sciences. The author also hopes to provide a welcome gift to educators. This is not about an increase in knowledge content, but rather a deepening of understanding and an enhancement of insight as a result. The two parts of this work, each of which forms a completely independent and usable whole, seek to fulfill this task in various ways. The first part, which is hereby presented to the public, contains a number of easily understandable sections from the most outstanding works in the entire field of natural sciences.