The Campo Santo Teutonico is the seat of a historical brotherhood and a prominent priestly college in the Vatican. Between the fall of the Papal States in 1870 and World War I, the Campo Santo was particularly lively. German Catholics in Rome found themselves torn between solidarity with the "prisoner in the Vatican" and integration into the Protestant-dominated German Empire. Anton de Waal (1837-1917), the rector of the Campo Santo during those years, was the key figure behind Roman Ultramontanism. Under his leadership, the "National Foundation" of the Campo Santo entered into the larger history involving the Vatican, unified Italy, the German Empire, and the Habsburg Monarchy. This tension continues to fuel the fascination of this place for Germans in Rome to this day.