There are four main styles in modern Karate. In addition to Shotokan-ryu, created by Funakoshi Gichin, these include the schools of Goju-ryu, founded by Miyagi Chojun, Wado-ryu, founded by Otsuka Hironori, and Shito-ryu, founded by Mabuni Kenwa. The foundation of each Karate style is its kata. These complex sequences of movements contain the entire knowledge of a school, including its techniques and even its philosophy. The katas were created in the past by the great masters of empty-hand combat in Okinawa, the birthplace of Karatedo. Some of them have roots that go back centuries. They reflect influences from Chinese taolu as well as the experiences of the Okinawans in fighting against the occupation by the Satsuma samurai. This is detailed with 2,540 highly precise illustrations by the author and extensive techniques.