On the hundredth anniversary of the Russian Revolution, this monograph is published, aimed at comprehensively addressing the concepts of death in Russian modernity. A variety of materials, previously scattered, are made accessible for the first time in German translation: thus, the historically critical treatise takes on the character of an epochal, extensively annotated foundational work. With constant reference to the contemporary historical context, journalistic, philosophical, and literary texts, as well as political and private documents from the period between 1890 and 1930, are examined to synthesize the thanatological thinking of Russian modernity, while also highlighting its peculiarities and contradictions. The term "death concepts" encompasses not only different attitudes toward individual dying.