Depression rates have drastically increased in recent decades. They are among the most common mental health disorders, affecting nearly 10% of the population, with immense societal costs. The personal suffering is extensive, and the condition is often chronic. This case study was conducted within the framework of the scientific depression project Long-Term Study of Chronic Depression, led by Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber at the Sigmund Freud Institute. It impressively demonstrates, based on scientific criteria, the sustainable effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapy for depression. The focus is on the psychoanalysis of a young woman who was hindered in her development of femininity and autonomy and felt helplessly surrendered to her depression. A crisis related to difficult adolescent separation processes had triggered the depression.