After World War II, monument preservation experienced a rapid upswing. The concept of monuments not only expanded but also changed qualitatively: it became a form of historical and aesthetic environmental protection and thus an indispensable part of political culture. This work looks at developments and questions in monument preservation and archaeology in the second half of the century. Renowned experts examine the traditional areas of monument preservation and present new tasks for cultural preservation in a concentrated form: inventories, monument preservation of rural buildings, as well as specialized fields and topics such as garden and industrial monument preservation, the documentation and preservation of organs, stained glass, or conservation technology. The important aspects are also addressed.