This second, extensively revised and expanded edition unfolds the thinking of Paul against the backdrop of his life, incorporating recent discussions in the sociology of knowledge, historical theory, and the history of religions. The first part addresses his life and letters, while the second part presents a thematically structured depiction of the central themes of Pauline thought, capturing both its historical genesis and its systematic quality. Three aspects are further developed and strengthened in this new edition: 1) The question of Paul's place in the history of religion and philosophy of his time. 2) The integration of Paul into the conflict history of early Christianity. 3) Paul as a theological thinker who need not shy away from comparison with the philosophers of his time. The aim is to convey a nuanced picture of Paul's work.