The textbook "Perception-Based Data Processing in Acoustics" offers comprehensive insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of sound and music in various environments. It explains the importance of understanding these mechanisms for various technological applications, including information retrieval from distributed music databases and the development of expert systems. The monograph addresses fundamental aspects of auditory psychophysiology and principles of music perception to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of music perception. Additionally, it presents various methods of computational intelligence, such as rough sets, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, decision trees, and genetic algorithms. Experimental results illustrate and discuss the applications of hybrid decision systems for problem-solving in the fields of music and acoustics.