Developing tailored support is a current goal in rehabilitation. The aim is to optimally utilize resources and enhance the quality of life for service users as much as possible. One instrument for achieving these goals is the personal budget. This cash benefit, as opposed to in-kind services, has been enshrined in the Social Code IX since 2001, and a corresponding entitlement to benefits has existed since 2008. The authors clarify the shift in social policy perspectives, outline the key points for an ideal-type personal budget, and refer to international and national experiences with this new governance instrument. Through a model trial conducted at the Bethel institution, they demonstrate how so-called mentally disabled residents can have greater self-determination in their lives with a personal budget. The book is aimed at educators and students in the field of health.