The Apophthegmata (witty sayings) of Erasmus of Rotterdam (1469-1536) is a work of significant literary and cultural historical importance from the Renaissance humanism. This notable late work is a collection of nearly 3000 anecdotes and edifying stories, centered around the witty sayings of famous men and women from antiquity. The work was published in 1532 in eight books and is dedicated to the youthful Duke of Cleves, Berg, and Jülich. It serves as a kind of mirror for princes, while also addressing a broader audience that is to be entertained and educated in an enjoyable manner. This edition presents, for the first time, a Latin-German parallel text along with a scholarly commentary. This commentary aims not only to document Erasmus's dependence on his Greek and Latin sources but also to enhance understanding of the author and his extensive late work through targeted linguistic and stylistic analyses, as well as explanations of content and composition, thereby contributing to the research on Erasmus.