After initially focusing mostly on abstract questions, research on counterfactual thinking has increasingly dealt with application-oriented topics in recent years, such as the influence of counterfactuals on the attribution of responsibility in accidents and criminal cases, the impact of counterfactual thoughts on political processes, and economic issues like marketing, decision-making processes, and entrepreneurship. A completely new and promising approach is the influence of counterfactual thoughts and their alternative effects through targeted therapeutic interventions, which is presented in this book.