The Basic Law permits general conscription. Nevertheless, only 15.4% of German men from a given cohort have recently completed military service. This prompts the author to examine the equality rights requirements of conscription. He first outlines the existing requirements for general conscription, known as military justice. Due to the lack of clarity and systematization in these requirements, he develops an independent fundamental right to military equality. Based on the established requirements, the author investigates the legislative and administrative exemptions from conscription and military service. Finally, he analyzes two options for compensating the identified violations: the social obligation year in its various models and the military levy.